Dc Restaurant Week 2022 Menus, Chris Trujillo New Mexico, West Covina Clean Up Saturday 2020, Draft Horse Pulling Record, Articles R

Burrwon two Primetime Emmy Awards for Perry Mason and was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards for Ironside. Despite his severe wounds and under intense enemy fire, he carried and dragged half of the wounded team members to the awaiting aircraft. His next big role was in the 1951 film "A Place in the Sun," portraying the district attorney who hounds Montgomery Clift. Reed received three Emmy Award nominations during his career, for his work on Roots; Rich Man, Poor Man; and Medical Center. - The Washington Post", "Who was Roy Benavidez, the man whose name some say should replace Confederate general's at Fort Hood? Robert Benevides was born on February 9, 1930 in Visalia, California, USA. Michael Starr's book, Hiding in Plain Sight, is published by Applause Books ($24.95), and is available online or in bookstores. I do think there should be a picture of Robert in there.". By profession, Robert Benevides is an actor who has acted in numerous films and series. Benavidez enlisted in the Texas Army National Guard in 1952 during the Korean War. The monsters are scary . The law never took effect because of a court injunction. Hiding in Plain Sight: The Secret Life of Raymond Burr. Covers. Benevides was recognized as a production consultant on the Perry Mason TV movies of the 1980s and 1990s. Burr met Ray Reynolds in the Greenwich Village bar where Reynolds worked as a bartender. Among the films he has appeared, he is famous for his work on Ironside (1967), The Outer Limits (1963) and The Bold Ones: The New Doctors (1969). As of 2018, he has reached the age of 88 years. "And its true. Benevides was co-founder/creative consultant working with Raymond Burr, under the aegis of Harbour- UTV Productions, Burr's production company. In addition to his stage work, Reed found success in TV acting, making his small-screen debut with a part as a young attorney on the courtroom drama The Defenders in 1961. Five years later, his mother died from tuberculosis as well. During his holiday O'Connor read a newspaper account of Benavidez from an El Campo newspaper, which had been picked up by the international press and reprinted in Australia. The collection also includes a wide assortment of 18th and 19th century pieces from Japan, including geisha woodcuts by Kunisada, Shikimaro and Ippitsusai, antique inked carved woodblocks, tsubasdecorative Japanese handguards for sword handles and two-hundred netsukesdelightfully tiny hand-carved sculptures made of ivory, bone or wood. All rights reserved. Master Sergeant Raul Perez "Roy" Benavidez (August 5, 1935 November 29, 1998) was a United States Army master sergeant who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his valorous actions in combat near Lc Ninh, South Vietnam on May 2, 1968, while serving as a member of the United States Army Special Forces during the Vietnam War. Lt. Bob Barrier, of the Los Angeles County Sheriffs Department, said Young, 83, ran a hose from the exhaust pipe to his cars interior last Saturday about 7:45 a.m. Every television actor says the same thing when you ask him why he's doing theater: to work up the juices. Robert Benevides photo shoot. Place and date: West of Loc Ninh on May 2, 1968 Born in Fall River, MA. His Biography With Career, Personal Life, And Net Worth Details, Published On Mon Nov 12 2018 Modified On Mon Dec 10 2018, Amy Okuda Age, Height, Ethnicity, Movies, TV Shows, Net Worth, Boyfriend, Marcia Harvey Bio, Age, Height, Net Worth, Wife, Kids. Reagan turned to the press and said, "If the story of his heroism were a movie script, you would not believe it". "I did come out liking [Burr] very much after writing this book.". Burr took a liking to Benevides, who had spent the late 1950s trying to get into the acting business. As of November 2020, there are discussions to rename Fort Hood as Fort Benavidez as part of an ongoing movement to rename installations and institutions originally named for Confederate generals.[14][15][16]. He was a Fall River resident for most of his life, previously from Swansea. Benevides told the B.A.R. United States Burr also benefited from a longtime friendship he had with gossip columnist Hedda Hopper, whose son, William Hopper, played private detective William Drake in the Perry Mason series. Initially attributed to colon cancer, his death was later revealed to have been hastened by AIDS. Legacy Project Board, Trustees, and Staff, Nominations, Candidate Selection & Induction, Raymond Burr on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson in 1976, Raymond Burr Spoofing Perry Mason on The Jack Benny Show in 1961, Raymond Burr and Barbara Hale on the Vicki Lawrence Show in 1993, Ironside TV Show Opening and Closing Credits. Nueva aplicacin v6.0 con un diseo espectacular y fcil de usar. He battled with its creator, Sherwood Schwartz, over its content. In June 1955, he switched from the Army National Guard to Army active duty. By then, however, the time limit on the medal had expired. Burr clinched two Emmy Awards for Best Actor In A Series. Once qualified and accepted, he became a member of the 5th Special Forces Group; and the Studies and Observations Group (SOG). His indomitable spirit kept him going as he began to ferry his comrades to the craft. Residence 159 Globe St., Fall River, MA. They first met five years earlier at the Pasadena Playhouse, where he was a teacher, and she was a student, two years his junior. 721 Broadway. As a young man, Burr dropped out of school and took odd jobs to support his mother and younger siblings during the Great Depression. His message was simple: "An education is the key to success. All Rights Reserved. Please fill in your e-mail so we can share with you our top stories! Birthday: February 9, 1930 How Old - Age: 93 Recently Passed Away Celebrities and Famous People. I think had Bob not been forced to live this double life, I think it would have dissipated a lot of that anger and frustration. Robert Benevides, 78, told the Bay Area Reporter that he is working with a writer to tell the story of his 33-year relationship with the TV legend. Archives & Special Collections. Scotty Bowers remembers introducing Raymond Burr (seen here with Montgomery Clift in 1951's "A Place in the Sun") to Robert Benevides, then a young actor, in 1959. As a gay man, Reed had struggled to hide his sexuality during his Hollywood years. No finger pointing because there's really no one to point the finger at. Robert Young. Raymond Burr had one of the most successful careers in Hollywood. Photo: Walt Disney Television via Getty Images Photo Archives/Walt Disney Television via Getty Images, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Robert Reed, Birth Year: 1932, Birth date: October 19, 1932, Birth State: Illinois, Birth City: Highland Park, Birth Country: United States. She thought he was just rambling, Barrier said. Will Dominion-Fox News lawsuit be different? Together, they operated an orchid business and then a vineyard. Burr had some experience with marriage in the early years of his life as a star, even though he was gay. View the latest Robert Benevides photos. "Mason" continued to air in reruns after the show was discontinued. After playing other roles, he landed his first screen role in the 1946 movie "Without Reservations." He has a star on the Hollywood Walk . Robert Benevides We found 31 records for Robert Benevides in CT, FL and 13 other states. So he might have done it.". that he remains close to Hale, who most recently came to visit him during his birthday celebration in February. Robert Benevides and Raymond Burr were in a relationship for 33 years before Raymond Burr died aged 76. Among those Starr interviewed was Barbara Hale, who played Della Street in the Perry Mason series. My name is Toni and I'm 24 years old. Country singer Wynonna Judd and drummer Cactus Moser wed at her family farm in Leiper's Fork, Tennessee on June 10, 2012. The actor continued to find success with TV projects, most notably the miniseries Rich Man, Poor Man (1976), Roots (1977) and Scruples (1980). Reed made his Broadway debut three years later in Barefoot in the Park. Robert Benevides' net worth is expected to be around $5 million at present. One year after "Perry Mason" went off the air Burr returned to . In 1986, Burr and Benevides began to cultivate several grape varietals at Burr's farmland holdings in Sonoma County and bottled their first varietals 1989. Art collector, orchid breeder and donor to Cal Poly Pomona, Notification of Potential Workplace Exposure, Self-guided Visits, Group Visits & Large Group Guided Tours, Gilson Collection of Midcentury Industrial Design, Bruce Jewett Collection of Beatrice Wood Ceramics, Coll of Env. He took jobs as a ranch hand in Roswell, New Mexico; as a deputy sheriff; a photo salesman; as a singer in nightclubs; and even opened an art gallery on Beverly Hills' Rodeo Drive in the early 1950s. Raymond Burr was a Canadian actor, primarily known for his title roles in the television dramas Perry Mason and Ironside. Similar to Colt McCoy, Rachel Glandorf McCoy favors a quiet life. Help keep Robert Benevides and Raymond Burr profile up to date. Structural Info Facts Filmography Known for movies Ironside (1969-1975) as Miscellaneous Crew Armed only with a knife, he jumped from the helicopter carrying his medical bag and ran to help the trapped patrol. Perry's secretary Della and private investigator/lawyer Ken go to visit an old friend, rancher . Robert Benevides (February 9, 1930 - living) U.S.A. Philantropist Robert Benevides was born as in Visalia, California, USA as Robert Lee Beneveds. Young had been drinking and he admitted that he had tried to end his life, Barrier said. Natalie Wood and Raymond Burr at the premiere of "A Cry in the Night" in Los Angeles on August 17, 1956 | Source: Getty Images. Robert Benevides, 78, told the Bay Area Reporter that he is working with a writer to tell the story of his 33-year relationship with the TV legend. Born: August 5, 1935, DeWitt County, Cuero, Texas, The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, March 3, 1863, has awarded in the name of the Congress the Medal of Honor to. [citation needed] He dropped out of school at age 15, in order to work full-time to help support the family. It may come. Sci Fi. In 1952, their divorce was finalized, and neither of them married again. He made his Broadway debut in 1964, taking over the leading role from Robert Redford in the Neil Simon comedy Barefoot in the Park. Burr died of liver cancer in his California home a few days after completing his last project. When he was two years old, his father died of tuberculosis and his mother remarried. Their partnership grew and advanced as their mutual interest in the knowledge of the cultivation and hybridization of orchids developed. A challenge. While still working on The Brady Bunch, Reed concurrently acted in the L.A-based detective series Mannix. After taking some time off, he returned to television in another popular series, Marcus Welby, M.D., the story of a dedicated general practitioner in an age of medical specialization. Benevides now runs Raymond Burr Vineyards in Healdsburg, which includes a tasting room and a greenhouse that contains orchid plants that were one of Burr's passions. In television, the scripts aren't very good. Support The Channel Here: https://www.patreon.com/ageofvintageClick SHOW MORE"! Raymond Burr's early acting career has been featured on Broadway, radio, t. Magazine pics. He will be 91 years old in 2021. Starr spent two years working on the book and interviewed 30 people who knew the actor. That would have been what The Brady Bunch would have been if I hadn't protested." Burr had previously donated his orchid collection to the Cal Poly Pomona Department of Horticulture just a few years earlier, and wanted to make sure his art collections, of over 450 artworks and objects, were also properly cared for after his passing. The 90-year-old might no longer be active in the entertainment industry anymore, but he loves spending his old age in his vineyard. In 1969, Reed was cast as quintessential family man Mike Brady on the enduring sitcom The Brady Bunch. Net Worth. Benevides, who is credited as production consultant in 21 Perry Mason TV movies, was described as Burrs "long-time companion" in a 1993 TV Guide article. His fearless personal leadership, tenacious devotion to duty, and extremely valorous actions in the face of overwhelming odds were in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service, and reflect the utmost credit on him and the United States Army. that that helped him slip under the radar screen. Shocking Blue. Mr. +1 718 869 6027. As a television actor he was best known for his work on The Outer Limits (1963), Ironside (1967) and The Bold Ones: The New Doctors (1969). The couple met in the 1960s and were together until Burr's death in 1993. Robert was born in Newport, RI to Manuel and Clara (Silvia) Benevides. Raymond Burr and Barbara Hale and other "Perry Mason" stars at an award event, circa 1958 | Source: Getty Images. Roy Benavidez's Medal of Honor is on display at the Ronald Reagan Library along with a video of him receiving the medal from President Reagan. We believe that every person's story is important as it provides our community with an opportunity to feel a sense of belonging, share their hopes and dreams. Robert Benevides was born in Visalia, California. His first film role was as a villain. "I think had Bob not been forced to live this double life, I think it would have dissipated a lot of that anger and frustration.". After that, they switched from life partners to business partners. The couple's relationship began in 1960, Benevides said. Fifteen years after Burr's death, Benevides told the B.A.R. Young, who was born in Chicago but grew up in Los Angeles, began his acting career in 1931, after a Metro Goldwyn Mayer talent scout saw him in a play. Robert Benevides is a 93 year old American Actor. Realizing that all the team members were either dead or wounded and unable to move to the pickup zone, he directed the aircraft to a nearby clearing where he jumped from the hovering helicopter, and ran approximately 75 meters under withering small arms fire to the crippled team. Only then, in extremely serious condition from numerous wounds and loss of blood, did he allow himself to be pulled into the extraction aircraft. , money, salary, income, and assets. The book details Benevides's relationship with Burr but it contains no pictures of Benevides. After Burrs death in 1993, Benevides started the Raymond Burr label (1998), after many successful years of wine production, and reaching his 85th birthday (2013), Robert Benevides decided to sell his vineyard estate. Robert Benevides was actor Raymond Burr's partner for over 30 years. Nations Affiliated The eclectic-ness of the collection is a result of both partners world travels to Europe, Asia, Polynesia and Canada during their lifelong, thirty-year relationship. Joe toy created in his likeness. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Burr#Personal_life, See Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. When the family returned to Canada, Raymond's parents separated. Similarly, he holds American nationality and belongs to white ethnicity. Each drink reminds the movie producer of the life he shared with the great "Perry Mason" star. MSG Roy Benavidez, MOH acceptance speech, Time index 10:27, Last edited on 30 December 2022, at 20:41, Military Assistance Command, Vietnam Studies and Observations Group, Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm, List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Vietnam War, List of Hispanic Medal of Honor recipients, "Medal of Honor: The Bravery of Raul 'Roy' Benavidez", "Department of the Army General Order 200125, Individual and Unit Awards, Sec XIV, Medal of Honor Amendment", https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/remarks-presenting-medal-honor-master-sergeant-roy-p-benavidez-0, "Department of the Army General Order 1981-08, Award of the Medal of Honor to Master Sergeant Roy P. Benavidez", "Roy P. Benavidez, Recipient Of Medal of Honor, Dies at 63", "A Guide to the Roy P. Benavidez Papers, 1943-2007", "It's Time to Rename Fort Hood for a Truly Texan Hero: Roy Benavidez", "Fort Hood is named for a Confederate traitor. Benevides explained that Burr lost a lot of money after he invested in apartment buildings in Los Angeles and that soured him from making other investments. [7][note 1] He then continued under devastating fire to carry the wounded to the helicopter. When he reached the leader's body, Sergeant BENAVIDEZ was severely wounded by small arms fire in the abdomen and grenade fragments in his back. Despite the fact that he is no longer in the entertainment world, the 90-year-old enjoys spending his retirement in his vineyard. After weighing 350 pounds, Burr left the Navy and refocused his attention on being a movie star. Robert Benevides and Raymond Burr - Dating, Gossip, News, Photos list. Donated by the actor Raymond Burr to Cal Poly Pomona in 1991, the collection contains a broad multicultural assortment of artworks from Japan, Fiji, Europe and the Americas, including paintings, prints, folios, silver sets and antique furniture. Robert Benevides's income source is mostly from being a successful Miscellaneous. We don't have much information about He's past relationship and any previous engaged. Burr won two Primetime Emmy Awards for Perry Mason and was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards for Ironside. Raymond Burr was homosexual, but hid his sexuality for most of his life out of fear that it would damage his career. Actor Robert Young, who for 10 years served as the ideal TV patriarch in Father Knows Best and went on to star in Marcus Welby, M.D., attempted suicide at his Westlake Village home last week, authorities said Saturday. Young portrayed Anderson, the archetype of an understanding, caring father, for 10 years through more than 200 episodes. Master Sergeant Roy Benavidez was buried with full military honors at Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery. In addition, he worked with Raymond Burr as co-founder/creative consultant under the aegis of Harbour-UTV Productions, Burrs production company. American actor Robert Reed studied acting at Northwestern University and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts in London. This fabled orchid breeder loves to chat just not about Trader Joes orchids, Unlike Andor, Mandalorian is going all in on Star Wars lore. At nearly the same moment, the aircraft pilot was mortally wounded, and his helicopter crashed. A Perry Mason Mystery: The Case of the Grimacing Governor. He then read the official award citation: Rank and organization: Master Sergeant. Under increasing enemy automatic weapons and grenade fire, he moved around the perimeter distributing water and ammunition to his weary men, reinstilling in them a will to live and fight. One year after Perry Mason went off the air Burr returned to television with the hugely popular television drama Ironside, which ran for 195 episodes from 1967-1975. View . His Broadway debut came in 1941 when he featured in the musical "Crazy With the Heart." The original, commonly quoted citation as published contained an error that essentially left out a line of text. Burr made an unusual appearance in the first "Godzilla" film as a journalist who relays an account of Godzilla's rampage. Burr had several personal misfortunes throughout his life. in the 2000 interview in his Healdsburg home, "At the end of his life he was very upset because of the hole he was leaving me in because there's a big mortgage on this house and there still is.". Moving to London, England, he attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts for two years, in turn developing a passion for Shakespeare. "He was probably a fifth of his body weight," said Benevides. Montclair, NJ: Applause Books, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/14/obituaries/raymond-burr-actor-76-dies-played-perry-mason-and-ironside.html, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Burr, http://articles.latimes.com/1993-09-13/news/mn-34829_1_perry-mason-revival, https://shepherdexpress.com/film/i-hate-hollywood/raymond-burr-s-secret-life/, https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Books/story?id=4930725&page=1, https://www.laweekly.com/the-apparently-true-story-of-the-man-who-secured-gay-lovers-for-old-hollywood/, https://passportmagazine.com/robert-benevides-of-the-raymond-burr-winer, https://medium.com/prismnpen/raymond-burr-a-queer-life-c58ff1cb58f1. Robert Young Winery | Scion House | Alexander Valley Visit "We like to share our way of life because we know not everyone gets to experience this." - Susan Young Sheehy 4th generation, Robert Young Family Make appointment Acquire His body was then returned to Fort Sam Houston's Main Chapel for a public viewing. . Sergeant BENAVIDEZ' gallant choice to join voluntarily his comrades who were in critical straits, to expose himself constantly to withering enemy fire, and his refusal to be stopped despite numerous severe wounds, saved the lives of at least eight men. Canadian Actor Raymond Burr passed away on 12th Sep 1993 Healdsburg, California, USA aged 76. Prior to meeting Benevides, Burr's life story was defined by unspeakable tragediestwice a. After a battle with liver cancer, Raymond Burr died at age 76 on September 12, 1993 in Geyserville, CA. He then threw smoke canisters to direct the aircraft to the team's position. ", He added, "If you have just one person that loves you that unconditionally in your life, you are very lucky.". He made his stage debut while he was only 12-years-old. He was dying of pancreatic cancer and insisted on being in his home in Healdsburg rather than in a hospital. Red carpet photos. [8][9], In 1976, Benavidez, his wife, and their three children returned home to El Campo, Texas. Who Is Robert Benevides? Starr told the B.A.R. Burr left his entire properties, that included all hisjewelry, clothing, books, works of art and other items of a personal nature to Benevides after his death. Young has had a history of depression and alcoholism, and in previous interviews with The Times spoke of feeling guilty about portraying the steadfast, contented Jim Anderson of Father Knows Best when he was often unhappy. While he was a youngster, his father moved the family to China for five years. Login In a 1983 interview with The Associated Press, Reed said that he and Schwartz "fought over the scripts," and that he thought Schwartz filled the show with "just gag lines. SWANSEA - Robert J. Benevides Sr., age 75 of Swansea, passed away on Sunday, Nov. 4, 2018 at Charlton Memorial Hospital. Childhood and early life. trivia, In Fiji, he was dedicated to cultivating orchids and collecting art, stamps, and seashells. Benevides was a young actor Burr met on the set of the original Perry Mason (1957) television series. He would reprise the role in several more TV movies and series over the years. [6] Benavidez had a total of 37 separate bullet, bayonet, and shrapnel wounds from the six-hour fight with the enemy battalion.[5]. Robert Benevidess income source is mostly from being a successful Miscellaneous. He won Emmy Awards for acting in 1959 and 1961 for the role of Perry Mason, which he played for nine seasons (1957-1966) and reprised in a series of 26 Perry Mason TV movies (1985-1993). Their mutual hobby began to grow in importance to them and the next logical step was to make it into a commercial venture. He also made a Broadway appearance in the 1944 film "The Duke in Darkness" before joining the Navy. Burr always had a passion for acting. On May 2, 1968, a 12-man Special Forces patrol, which included nine Montagnard tribesmen, was surrounded by an NVA infantry battalion of about 1,000 men. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. Before Perry Mason's debut in 1957, when Burr was 40, he had acted in a number of movies, usually as a menacing heavy, but never as a leading man. Burrs international collection is a diverse group of objects and artworks collected by the famed actor as a result of his vast international travels during filming television shows and movies over his lifetime. With little strength remaining, he made one last trip to the perimeter to ensure that all classified material had been collected or destroyed, and to bring in the remaining wounded. His partner Raymond Burr had the net worth is $15 million left his properties after his death. that Burr believed he had no choice but to hide his sexuality if he wanted to continue to work. March 28, 2022 Robert Benevides Call it an advantage or a drawback, but being connected to a celebrity increases your chances of becoming one. Benavidez "distinguished himself by a series of daring and extremely valorous actions and because of his gallant choice to join voluntarily his comrades who were in critical straits, to expose himself constantly to withering enemy fire, and his refusal to be stopped despite numerous severe wounds, saved the lives of at least eight men. [12] His body was escorted to St. Robert Bellarmine Catholic Church, where he had married, where his three children were married, and where he attended Mass every Sunday. Robert Benevides was born Robert Lee Beneveds in Visalia, California, in 1930. Prior to reaching the team's position he was wounded in his right leg, face, and head. Raymond Burr Vineyards was continually owned by Benevides after Burrs death in 1993, until he sold the vineyards in 2017. His role in the film made him a regular feature in the movie industry, where he acted in over 90 movies. Until he sold the vineyards in 2017. Robert Benevides is highly private about his early life and background, despite the fact that many are aware of his romantic history and professional accomplishments. His parents divorced when he was six and Burr moved with his mother to Vallejo, CA. Read More:Marcia Harvey Bio, Age, Height, Net Worth, Wife, Kids. Born Raymond William Stacy Burr in 1917 in British Columbia, Burr spent most of his early life traveling. While still working on The Brady Bunch, Reed appeared on the L.A.-based detective series Mannix from 1969 to 1975. Burr had over 140 acting credits throughout his career. Burr's family relocated to China shortly after he was born and stayed there for five years. Roy Benavidez died on November 29, 1998, at the age of 63 at Brooke Army Medical Center, having suffered respiratory failure and complications of diabetes. Behind the scenes, though, Reed was unhappy with the show. Reed was survived by his daughter, Karen Baldwin, from a short-lived marriage in the 1950s. For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty: On 2 May 1968, Master Sergeant (then Staff Sergeant) Roy P. Benavidez distinguished himself by a series of daring and extremely valorous actions while assigned to Detachment B56, 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne), 1st Special Forces, Republic of Vietnam. July 4, 2022 robert benevides youngdid benjamin franklin help write the declaration of independencedid benjamin franklin help write the declaration of independence The handsome Benevides, thirteen years Raymond's junior, had a small role in the 1957 sci-fi flick Monster That Challenged the World (billed as Bob Benevedes) but was having trouble finding steady work. Robert Benevides in California We found 49 records for Robert Benevides in Palm Desert, Bakersfield and 12 other cities in California. Returning to the United States, Reed joined an off-Broadway theatrical group called the Shakespearewrights, appearing in such plays as Romeo and Juliet and A Midsummer Night's Dream with the troupe. Recent images. The couple also founded Harbour Productions, which produced the famous movie "Ironside. As a young man, Burr dropped out of school and took odd jobs to support his mother and younger siblings during the Great Depression. Young Lady Secretly Takes Old Family Ring from Grandmother's Jewelry Box after Her Death. Returning to the role that made him famous, Reed played Mike Brady on the short-lived The Brady Bunch Variety Hour in the late 1970s.